The Difference Between Formal and Informal Speech in Korean: Learn ONLINE with The Language SKOOL
Ever wondered why your favorite K-drama characters switch between polite and casual speech? In Korean, choosing the right level of formality isn’t just about grammar—it’s about showing respect and building relationships. Let’s break it down so you can speak Korean confidently in any situation!
Formal Speech (존댓말 - Jondaetmal): Politeness First!
Formal speech, or 존댓말 (jondaetmal), is used when you want to show respect. You’ll hear it in workplaces, public announcements, and when speaking to elders, teachers, or strangers. If you’re unsure which speech level to use, always start with 존댓말—it’s the safest bet!
Key Features of Formal Speech:
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Honorifics – Adding "시" (shi) to verbs makes them more respectful (e.g., 가십니다 instead of 갑니다 for "he/she goes").
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Polite verb endings – Common endings include -ㅂ니다 / -습니다 (-mnida / -seumnida) and -아요 / -어요 (-ayo / -eoyo).
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Respectful vocabulary – Some words change entirely, like 집 (jip - house) becoming 댁 (daek) and 먹다 (meokda - to eat) becoming 드시다 (deusida).
Examples:
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안녕하세요? (Annyeonghaseyo?) – Hello.
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감사합니다. (Gamsahamnida.) – Thank you.
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저는 학생입니다. (Jeoneun haksaengimnida.) – I am a student.
Informal Speech (반말 - Banmal): Keeping It Casual
Informal speech, or 반말 (banmal), is used when talking to close friends, younger people, or family. It’s relaxed and feels more natural in casual conversations, but be careful—using it too soon with someone you just met can come across as rude!
Key Features of Informal Speech:
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No honorifics – You don’t need "시" (shi) in verbs.
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Simplified verb endings – Common endings include 아 / -어 (-a / -eo) and -야 (-ya).
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Casual and friendly – Perfect for everyday chats with people you’re close to.
Examples:
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안녕? (Annyeong?) – Hi.
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고마워. (Gomawo.) – Thanks.
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나는 학생이야. (Naneun haksaengiya.) – I am a student.
When to Use Formal vs. Informal Speech
Knowing when to use 존댓말 or 반말 is key to sounding natural in Korean. Here’s a quick guide:
Situation |
Recommended Speech Style |
|
Talking to elders, teachers, or bosses |
Formal (존댓말) |
|
Speaking to strangers or in business settings |
Formal (존댓말) |
|
Chatting with close friends or younger people (with permission) |
Informal (반말) |
Switching from Formal to Informal Speech
Want to switch to 반말? Make sure it’s okay first! You can ask:
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"말 편하게 해도 돼요?" (Mal pyeonhage haedo dwaeyo?) – "Can we speak casually?"
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"우리 이제 반말할까?" (Uri ije banmalhalkka?) – "Shall we use informal speech now?"
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